T??o T??ng

K??? H???i tu??? ngh??a l?? n??m K??? H???i. N??m K??? H???i n??i trong b??i th?? c???a T??o T??ng l?? n??m d????ng l???ch 879, th???i vua Hy T??ng nh?? ???????ng. L??c n???y nh?? ???????ng b??n T??u x???y ra lo???n Ho??ng S??o. C??n ??? Vi???t Nam, theo Vi???t S??? Ti??u ??n c???a Ng?? Th???i S??? th?? ????y c??ng l?? th???i ??i???m m?? H??o tr?????ng v??ng Chu Di??n (H???i D????ng b??y gi???) l?? Kh??c Th???a D???, ??ng ???? c??ng d??n ch??ng n???i d???y, chi???m gi??? th??nh ?????i La, th??? ph??? c???a T???nh H???i Qu???n (t??n g???i ?????t Vi???t th???i ???????ng Hy T??ng). N??m 880 Kh??c Th???a D??? t??? x??ng l??m Ti???t ????? s??? T???nh H???i Qu???n, ?????t n???n m??ng cho vi???c k???t th??c ng??n n??m B???c thu???c, tho??t kh???i ??ch ???? h??? c???a Trung Hoa.

T??o T??ng ?????? ng?????i An Huy nh?? ???????ng. B??i th?? K??? H???i Tu??? c???a ??ng nh?? sau :

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K??? H???I TU???
(Hy T??ng - Qu???ng Minh nguy??n ni??n)

Tr???ch qu???c giang s??n nh???p chi???n ?????
Sinh d??n h?? k??? l???c ti???u t??
B???ng qu??n m???c tho???i phong h???u s???
Nh???t t?????ng c??ng th??nh v???n c???t kh??

Do b??i th?? ???????c vi???t v??o n??m Qu???ng Minh nguy??n ni??n (n??m 880), n??n c?? m???t v??i t??? mang ng??? ngh??a c??? :

- ???Tr???ch qu???c??? ngh??a l?? V??ng s??ng n?????c. Ng??y x??a g???i, ch??? v??ng ?????t Giang Nam (ph??a Nam s??ng Tr?????ng giang).

- ???Ti???u t????? ngh??a l?? M??t c???i, C???t c???. Theo li???t truy???n Ho??i ??m H???u trong S??? K?? c???a T?? M?? Thi??n, c?? c??u Ti???u t?? h???u tho??n, s?? b???t t??c b??o (M??t c???i c???t c??? m?? n???u ??n, qu??n l??nh kh??ng ????? no).

T???m d???ch ngh??a b??i th?? :

N??M K??? H???I
(Hy T??ng, ni??n hi???u Qu???ng Minh n??m th??? nh???t)

Non n?????c Giang Nam ???? r??i v??o chi???n lo???n
K??? sinh nhai c???a d??n ????u c??n c???nh vui th?? nh???t c???i h??i rau
Xin ?????ng n??i chi chuy???n phong h???u, th??ng quan ti???n ch???c
M???t t?????ng ???????c ????? danh, trong khi ???? ngo??i chi???n tr?????ng ph??i v???n ng??n x????ng tr???ng

Nh?? ???????ng b??n T??u do ???????ng Cao T??? - L?? Uy??n ki???n l???p v??o n??m 618. ?????n n??m 907 th?? ch???m d???t tri???u ?????i, khi m?? c??c th??? l???c ?????a ph????ng nh??n lo???n l???c ???? kh??ng tu??n ph???c tri???u ????nh, ???? c??t c??? ?????a ph????ng m??nh, h??nh th??nh n??n giai ??o???n 5 tri???u ?????i, 10 n?????c (Ng?? ?????i Th???p qu???c) t??? n??m 907 ?????n 979 trong s??? Trung Hoa.

Nh?? ???????ng l?? tri???u ?????i c???c th???nh v??? m???i m???t, nh??ng c??ng l?? tri???u ?????i h???t ??em binh t???o B???c, chinh ????ng, r???i l???i chinh T??y. Lo???n l???c trong n?????c c??ng lu??n x???y ra. ?????i ???????ng Huy???n T??ng x???y ra lo???n An L???c S??n, k??o d??i t??? n??m 755 ?????n 763. Chi???n tr???n ??c li???t ???? khi???n vua c??ng ph???i r???i kinh ????, ??em D????ng Qu?? Phi ch???y v??o ?????t Th???c l??nh n???n. Ng?????i d??n s???ng gi???a binh ??ao, ?????y c?? c???c. Trong khi ???? quy???n th???n, ngo???i th??ch nh?? L?? L??m Ph???, D????ng Qu???c Trung??? ?????u ???? nhau, t???o n??n c??c phe ph??i trong tri???u ch??? nh???m gi??nh gi???t t?? l???i, quy???n l???c, c???m quy???n m?? kh??ng v?? qu???c th??i d??n an. Th??nh th??? ng?????i d??n hi???m ???????c c?? th???i gian an l??nh, ng??i ngh???. ?????c m?? vui s???ng ch??? b???ng vi???c m??t c???i, h??i rau c???a h??? th???t nh??? nhoi, nh??ng c??ng qu??? th???t l?? to l???n.

N??m 875, tr?????c ??p ch??? c???a tri???u ????nh gi??nh ?????c quy???n b??n mu???i, th????ng nh??n b??n mu???i ng?????i S??n ????ng l?? Ho??ng S??o ???? t???p h???p ng?????i d??n n???i d???y, th???c hi???n kh?? ch???t v???n c?? c???a ??ng :

B??n ki??n cung ki???m b???ng thi??n t??ng
Nh???t tr???o giang h??? t???n ?????a duy

N???a vai cung ki???m tung ho??nh tr???i ?????t / M???t m??i ch??o ??i kh???p c??? s??ng h???. C??? Nguy???n Du c???a ta ???? m?????n t??? n???y m?? th???o n??n c??u th?? ???Giang h??? quen th??i v???y v??ng / G????m ????n n???a g??nh, non s??ng m???t ch??o??? trong truy???n Ki???u.

N??m 879, binh Ho??ng S??o ti???n c??ng Qu???ng Ch??u. ????y l?? b???i c???nh ra ?????i b??i th?? K??? H???i Tu??? c???a T??o T??ng.

B??i th?? ???? n??i l??n m?? ?????c s???ng y??n l??nh, nh??? nhoi c???a ng?????i d??n trong x?? h???i v???n ???? c?? c???c. Nh??ng ng?????i d??n c??ng ???? nh???n ch??n ra khi l??m c???nh binh ??ao, h??? l?? ng?????i tr?????c ti??n ?????ng tr?????c ?????u ?????n m??i t??n. Chi???n ?????u cho th??? l???c n??o, ?????ng v??? ph??a tri???u ????nh, hay ?????ng v??? ph??a qu??n n???i d???y, h??? c??ng ch??? l?? ng?????i ph???i ?????t ph??o, x??ng t??n. ???? t???ng quen v???i lo???n l???c, binh ??ao, h??? r?? r???ng th??? l???c n??o khi k???t th??c cu???c chi???n ?????u c??ng ch??m ch??m nh???ng vi???c lo cho t?? l???i, quy???n l???c c???a h???. ???B???ng qu??n m???c tho???i phong h???u s??????. ???? hi???u ???????c th??n ph???n c???a d??n ??en, c???a nh???ng k??? kh???n c??ng, ???? th???u hi???u s??? ?????i, xin ?????ng n??i l?? chi???n ?????u, l??n x??? tr?????c h??ng qu??n ????? h??ng ???????c th??ng quan ti???n ch???c, nh???n t?????c phong h???u.

N???u ???????c phong quan phong t?????ng, th?? tr?????c nh???ng kh???c li???t c???a binh ??ao, ng???n ng???n m???i c???m x??c tr?????c h??nh ???nh nh???ng ?????ng ?????i ph???i n???m xu???ng, v???i c??i nh??n nh??n b???n v??? cu???c s???ng??? ph???i r?? r???ng ch???c quan, h??m t?????ng n???y c?? ???????c, ch??? m???t k??? ???????c n??n danh, trong khi ???? ngo??i chi???n tr?????ng h??ng v???n ng??n x????ng tr???ng ph??i kh??. ???Nh???t t?????ng c??ng th??nh v???n c???t kh????? l?? ti???ng k??u th???ng th???t c???a ng?????i Giang Nam v??o n??m K??? H???i 879 tr?????c lo???n Ho??ng S??o.

C??ng nh???ng th??ng n??m n???y, Kh??c Th???a D??? ??? Giao Ch??u ta c??ng l??m cu???c binh bi???n gi??nh quy???n t??? ch??? cho ?????t n?????c. V??n th??, s??ch s??? c???a ta truy???n l???i kh??ng cho th???y t??m t??nh c???a d??n t???c tr?????c s??? ki???n ?????t n???n m??ng gi??nh ?????c l???p ????. N??m nh?? Minh ????nh chi???m Vi???t Nam, ?????n ????i, s??ch v?????? c???a ng?????i Vi???t ?????u b??? ph?? h???y, ?????t s???ch, ho???c thu mang v??? T??u, ???? l??m phai m??? d???u t??ch v??n h??a c???a Vi???t Nam..

B??y gi??? ch??? c??n bi???t d???a v??o chi ti???t n??m 906, vua nh?? ???????ng ph???i ch??nh th???c c??ng nh???n, phong cho Kh??c Th???a D??? l??m T???nh H???i Qu???n Ti???t ????? s???. ??i???u n???y cho ph??p ta h??nh dung ra ???????c n???i vui m???ng c???a ng?????i d??n tr?????c s??? ki???n ng?????i Vi???t ta l??m ch??? l???y ta. V?? c??ng h??nh dung ra ???????c v???i t??m t??nh v???n c??ng t???c B??ch Vi???t v???i ng?????i Giang Nam, ng?????i Vi???t c??ng c?? th??? ???? c?? chung c??i nh??n ???Nh???t t?????ng c??ng th??nh v???n c???t kh????? trong b??i th?? N??m K??? H???i c???a T??o T??ng. C??i nh??n nh??n b???n ?????i v???i sinh linh tr?????c kh??i l???a binh ??ao.

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