L?? T???n ?????ng ?????u

L??? T???n ?????ng ?????u v?? Gi??? B??nh Ao ?????ng th??? s??u trong "60 nh?? v??n v?? ?????i nh???t th??? k???". C?? s??? cho ??i???u n??y l?? g???
B??i vi???t c???a ??o??n H???ng C????ng
Vi???c t??m t???t nh???ng th??nh t???u v??n h???c trong m???t kho???ng th???i gian c??? th??? v?? x???p h???ng c??c nh?? v??n theo th??? h???ng v???n r???t kh?? kh??n.
Th??? nh???t, v??n h???c thu???c v??? khoa h???c nh??n v??n, v?? gi?? tr??? th???c ti???n c???a n?? th???p h??n ????ng k??? so v???i khoa h???c t??? nhi??n v?? khoa h???c x?? h???i. Kh??ng gi???ng nh?? khoa h???c x?? h???i, n?? c?? th??? mang l???i l???i ??ch tr???c ti???p cho nh??n lo???i v?? t???o ra k???t qu??? t???c th???i. Khoa h???c t??? nhi??n v?? khoa h???c x?? h???i c?? nhi???u ??i???m chung, cho ph??p nhi???u ph????ng ph??p nghi??n c???u kh??c nhau. Tuy nhi??n, v??n h???c th?? kh??ng th???. X??t v??? m???t bi???u ?????t s??ng t???o, v??n h???c l?? m???t h??nh th???c bi???u ?????t si??u h??nh v?? mang t??nh c?? nh??n, ????? cao t??nh ?????c ????o c?? nh??n v?? c??c h??nh th???c bi???u ?????t ??a d???ng. T??c ?????ng c???a v??n h???c ?????i v???i ng?????i ?????c kh??ng ph???i l?? v???t ch???t, m?? l?? s??? nu??i d?????ng v?? ho??n thi???n v??? m???t tinh th???n.
Th??? hai, kh??ng c?? ti??u chu???n c??? ?????nh n??o cho vi???c di???n gi???i v??n h???c. C??ng m???t t??c ph???m v??n h???c c?? th??? ???????c hi???u theo nh???ng c??ch kh??c nhau b???i c??c ?????i t?????ng ?????c gi??? kh??c nhau, th?????ng gi???ng nh?? "m???t ng??n Hamlet". M???i ?????c gi???, do n???n t???ng v??n h??a, tr??nh ????? nh???n th???c, kinh nghi???m s???ng, hi???u bi???t s??u s???c v?? c??ch ti???p c???n kh??c nhau, c?? th??? ????a ra nhi???u c??ch di???n gi???i kh??c nhau. Vi???c di???n gi???i v??n h???c lu??n l?? v???n ????? quan ??i???m c?? nh??n, v?? ??i???u n??y l?? b??nh th?????ng.
V?? v???y, n???u m???t nh??m nh?? v??n ???????c t???p h???p l???i ????? x???p h???ng v?? ????nh gi?? ai m???nh h??n ai y???u h??n, ch???c ch???n s??? g??y ra tranh c??i.
H??n m???t th???p k??? tr?????c, m???t nh?? xu???t b???n ??? B???c Kinh ???? kh??ng ti???c c??ng s???c v?? nh??n l???c, m???i b???n chuy??n gia v??n h???c???B???ch Di???p, Tr???n Qu??n ????o, Ngh?? B???i Canh v?? H??? Thi???u Qu??n???l??m ng?????i l??n k??? ho???ch ch??nh. H??? c??ng m???i h??n 20 nh?? ph?? b??nh v??n h???c, gi??o s??, nh?? v??n v?? nh?? th??, bao g???m L??i ?????t, H???ng T??? Th??nh, T??? Mi??n, Tr??nh Quang V??, D????ng Khu??n H??n v?? Tr????ng Qu??nh. H??? ???? th??nh l???p m???t nh??m 25 ng?????i ???????c g???i l?? "???y ban Tuy???n ch???n Chuy??n gia V??n h???c N???i ti???ng Trung Qu???c Hi???n ?????i v?? ??????ng ?????i" v?? t??? ch???c m???t cu???c tuy???n ch???n mang t??n "60 Nh?? v??n c???a Th??? k???". B???ng c??ch ch???m ??i???m cho m???i nh?? v??n, h??? ???? ch???n ra 60 c??y ?????i th??? v??n h???c Trung Qu???c c???a th??? k??? 20.
????nh gi?? c???a chuy??n gia v?? ?????c gi??? m???i b??n chi???m 50%. Sau khi k???t qu??? ???????c c??ng b???, nhi???u ng?????i t??? ra ho??i nghi, g??y ra tranh c??i dai d???ng trong v?? ngo??i gi???i v??n ch????ng.

Tuy nhi??n, x??t theo ti??u ch?? tuy???n ch???n, ch??ng t????ng ?????i c??ng b???ng v?? kh??ch quan, v?? uy t??n c???a ch??ng l?? kh??ng th??? b??n c??i.
Tuy???n ch???n s?? b??? bao g???m 100 nh?? v??n ??????ng ?????i v?? hi???n ?????i c?? ???nh h?????ng, t??? s??u b???c th???y v?? ?????i c???a v??n h???c hi???n ?????i???L???, Qu??ch, Mao, B?? v?? T??o????????n c??c nh?? th?? nh?? V??n Nh???t ??ao, T??? Ch?? M???c, Ng???i T??nh, T??ng Kh??? Giai, C??? Th??nh, H???i T???, B???i ??ao v?? Th?? ????nh, c??ng nh?? c??c nh?? v??n ??????ng ?????i nh?? Tr???n Trung Th???c, L??? Nghi??u, Gi??? B??nh Ao, M???c Ng??n v?? D?? Hoa, v?? c??c ti???u thuy???t gia v?? hi???p nh?? Kim Dung, C??? Long v?? L????ng V?? Sinh. C?? th??? n??i r???ng c??c nh?? v??n thu???c m???i th??? lo???i v??n h???c ?????u c?? c?? h???i ???????c xem x??t.
Ban gi??m kh???o ???? ch???n t??? m???t ?????n b???n t??c ph???m ti??u bi???u c???a m???i t??c gi??? v?? ch???m ??i???m d???a tr??n gi?? tr??? v??n h???c v?? ???nh h?????ng c???a ch??ng. Sau ????, h???i ?????ng trao ph???n ????nh gi?? cu???i c??ng cho ?????c gi???, nh???ng ng?????i s??? ch???m ??i???m c??c t??c ph???m d???a tr??n m???c ????? y??u th??ch, kh??? n??ng ?????c hi???u v?? ch???t l?????ng v??n ch????ng. Cu???i c??ng, ??i???m s??? cu???i c??ng ???????c t??nh b???ng c??ch c???ng ??i???m c???a chuy??n gia v?? ?????c gi???, r???i chia ????i. ??i???m s??? cu???i c??ng n??y l?? c?? s??? duy nh???t ????? x???p h???ng c??c t??c gi???.
Cu???i c??ng, nh?? v??n L??? T???n (1881-1936) ???? gi??nh v??? tr?? ?????u ti??n m???t c??ch thuy???t ph???c, nh???n ???????c ??i???m tuy???t ?????i 100 t??? c??? ????nh gi?? c???a chuy??n gia v?? ?????c gi???, tr??? th??nh ng?????i chi???n th???ng duy nh???t ??? c??? hai h???ng m???c.
C??c v??? tr?? t??? 2 ?????n 10 l?? Tr????ng ??i Linh (1920-1995), Th???m T??ng V??n (1902-1988), L??o X?? (1899-1966), Mao Thu???n (1896-1981), Gi??? B??nh Ao (??????ng ?????i), B?? Ti???n (1904-2005), T??o V?? (1910-1996), Ti???n Trung Th?? (1910-1998), v?? D?? Hoa (??????ng ?????i).
N??m nh?? v??n kh??c nh???n ???????c ??i???m tuy???t ?????i t??? c??c chuy??n gia: Tr????ng ??i Linh, Th???m T??ng V??n, Mao ????n, T??o V?? v?? V????ng T??ng K??? (1920-1997). ??i???m ????nh gi?? c???a ?????c gi??? V????ng T??ng K??? ch??? ?????t 76, khi???n th??? h???ng chung c???a ??ng t???t xu???ng v??? tr?? th??? 11.
Tranh c??i xoay quanh danh s??ch n??y b???t ngu???n t??? n??m ??i???m sau: l???p lu???n ch??nh l?? m???t s??? nh?? v??n ???????c x???p h???ng qu?? cao ho???c qu?? th???p, kh??ng t????ng x???ng v???i s???c m???nh v?? danh ti???ng c???a h???.
?????u ti??n, top 10 bao g???m Gi??? B??nh Ao (x???p th??? 6) v?? D?? Hoa (x???p th??? 10). Nhi???u ?????c gi??? cho r???ng hai nh?? v??n ??????ng ?????i n??y ???????c x???p h???ng qu?? cao. ?????c bi???t, th??? h???ng c???a Gi??? B??nh Ao cao h??n ????ng ng???c nhi??n so v???i c??c ?????i v??n h??o nh?? Ba Kim, T??o Ngu, Qu??ch M???t Nh?????c (1892-1978), v?? Ti???n Trung Th??, v?? cao h??n nhi???u so v???i c??c b???c th???y v??n ch????ng nh?? Chu T??? Thanh (1898-1948), D?? ?????i Phu (1896-1945), ????i V???ng Th?? (1905-1950), T??n L??? (1903-2002), Ng???i Thanh (1910-1996), Tri???u Th???c Ly (1906-1970), L????ng S?? Thu (1903-1987), v?? L??u Thanh (1916-1978). Th??? h???ng c???a D?? Hoa c??ng cao h??n nhi???u b???c th???y v??n ch????ng kh??c.
Th??? hai, Qu??ch M???t Nh?????c ??t nh???t l?? m???t trong "L???c ?????i danh t??c" c???a v??n h???c hi???n ?????i, ch??? x???p sau L??? T???n, nh??ng ??ng l???i x???p th??? 33 trong danh s??ch n??y, m???t s??? t??nh to??n sai l???m nghi??m tr???ng.
Th??? ba, Kim Dung (1924-2018) ???????c x???p h???ng 15, nh??ng v???i t?? c??ch l?? m???t ti???u thuy???t gia v?? hi???p ho???t ?????ng ngo??i gi???i v??n h???c ch??nh th???ng, th??? h???ng c???a ??ng c?? ph???n b??? ????nh gi?? qu?? cao.
Th??? t??, danh s??ch n??y th?????ng ????nh gi?? th???p c??c nh?? th?? ????? thi??n v??? c??c ti???u thuy???t gia. Nh?? th?? ???????c x???p h???ng cao nh???t, T??? Ch?? M???c (1897-1931), ch??? x???p h???ng 12.
Th??? n??m, th??? h???ng 2 c???a Tr????ng ??i Linh ????ng ????? gi???i v??n ch????ng suy ng???m.
Th??? s??u, th??? h???ng 12 c???a M???c Ng??n b??? m???t s??? ?????c gi??? cho l?? h??i th???p.
Ti???p theo, ch??ng ta h??y c??ng ph??n t??ch t???ng t??c ph???m g??y tranh c??i n??y.
C??c t??c ph???m c???a Gi??? B??nh Ao g???i d??? thi l?? "Ph???c T???", "Cao L??o Trang" v?? "Phi ?????". Trong s??? 25 th??nh vi??n h???i ?????ng chuy??n m??n, c?? 24 ng?????i ???? b??nh ch???n cho ??ng. ??i???u n??y c?? ngh??a l??, ngo??i L??? T???n, Tr????ng ??i Linh, Th???m T??ng V??n, Mao ????n, T??o Ngu v?? V????ng T??ng K???, t???t c??? ?????u ?????t ??i???m tuy???t ?????i, Gi??? B??nh Ao nh???n ???????c ????nh gi?? cao nh???t t??? chuy??n gia, ????y l?? l?? do ch??nh khi???n ??ng x???p th??? s??u.
H??n n???a, Gi??? B??nh Ao l?? m???t nh?? v??n ??????ng ?????i, g???n g??i v???i cu???c s???ng c???a ch??ng ta. Ti???u thuy???t c???a ??ng ch??? y???u t???p trung v??o ????? t??i n??ng th??n, v?? v??n h???c n??ng th??n ???????c ????ng ?????o ?????c gi??? Trung Qu???c ????n nh???n v?? ???ng h??? m???nh m???. Do ????, Gi??? B??nh Ao c?? l???i th??? v??? l?????ng ?????c gi???, g??p ph???n v??o th??? h???ng chung c???a ??ng.
Th??? h???ng cao c???a D?? Hoa c??ng xu???t ph??t t??? nh???ng l?? do t????ng t???.

Th??nh t???u v??n h???c c???a Qu??ch M???t Nh?????c ch??? y???u ???????c th??? hi???n qua th?? ca. C??c t??c ph???m c???a ??ng n???i ti???ng v???i ch???t tr??? t??nh cao c???, v?? ??ng th?????ng ca ng???i h??nh ???nh v?? ?????i v?? ho??n h???o. C??c ti??u chu???n th???m m??? hi???n ?????i kh??ng khuy???n kh??ch phong c??ch th?? n??y, ????y l?? l?? do ch??nh khi???n Qu??ch M???t Nh?????c x???p h???ng th???p.
Th??? h???ng c???a Kim Dung ch??? y???u ???????c n??ng l??n nh??? ?????c gi???, v???i s??? ??i???m 98, ch??? ?????ng sau L??? T???n (100 ??i???m) v?? Ti???n Tr???ng Th?? (99 ??i???m). ??i???u n??y ch???ng t??? ?????c gi??? c?? ???nh h?????ng ????ng k??? ?????n ch???t l?????ng t??c ph???m c???a m???t nh?? v??n. T????ng t??? nh?? Kim Dung, nh?? v??n ??????ng ?????i L??? Di???u (1949-1992) c??ng d???a v??o s??? ???ng h??? c???a ?????c gi??? ????? ?????t ???????c th??? h???ng cao.
L?? do ch??nh khi???n c??c nh?? th?? th?????ng x???p h???ng th???p l?? v?? th?? ch??? y???u mang t??nh tr??? t??nh, ??t t??? v?? ph???m vi h???n ch???. So v???i ti???u thuy???t, th?? thi???u chi???u s??u, b??? r???ng v?? chi???u s??u bi???u ?????t. Th??? h???ng chung c???a c??c nh?? th?? b??? h??? th???p b???i ch??? ?????, ch??? kh??ng ph???i b???i s???c m???nh c???a h???.
Vi???c Tr????ng ??i Linh x???p th??? hai cho th???y m???t ch??n l??: ch??? nh???ng t??c ph???m thu h??t c??? gi???i th?????ng l??u l???n ?????i ch??ng m???i th???c s??? hay. C??? gi???i chuy??n m??n l???n ?????c gi??? ?????u tr??n tr???ng nh???ng t??c ph???m thu h??t c??? gi???i th?????ng l??u l???n ?????i ch??ng, v?? h??? s??? d??nh nhi???u l???i khen ng???i cho ch??ng.
M???c Ng??n, ?????ng h???ng 12 v???i T??? Ch?? M???c, x???p th??? 12, v?? v???i nhi???u nh?? v??n l???n ???????c c??ng nh???n ?????ng sau ??ng, ????y l?? m???t th??? h???ng ????ng n???. Tuy nhi??n, sau khi M???c Ng??n gi??nh gi???i Nobel V??n h???c n??m 2012, danh ti???ng v?? s???c ???nh h?????ng c???a ??ng ???? t??ng v???t. Nhi???u ?????c gi??? ??????ng ?????i tin r???ng M???c Ng??n c?? th??? d??? d??ng l???t v??o top 5, ho???c ??t nh???t l?? kh??ng thua k??m nh?? v??n c??ng th???i Gi??? B??nh Ao.
Quan ??i???m n??y th???c s??? ????ng. X??t v??? gi?? tr??? ngh??? thu???t v?? s???c ???nh h?????ng c???a c??c t??c ph???m, t??i tin M???c Ng??n c?? ????? kh??? n??ng l??m ???????c ??i???u ????.
T??c gi???: B??nh lu???n V??n h??a H???ng H??? Anh C????ng | 23/05/2020
????? Ho??ng theo Nh??n d??n nh???t b??o

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